The Physics of Earthquakes
نویسنده
چکیده
EARTHQUAKES T recent earthquakes in Taiwan, Turkey, and India tragically demonstrate the abruptness with which earthquakes occur and the devastation that often accompanies them. Scientists, emergency officials, and the public are greatly interested in earthquakes-sudden fractures in Earth's crust followed by ground shaking-and have Seismologists have never directly observed rupture in Earth's interior. Instead, they glean information from seismic waves, geodetic measurements, and numerical experiments. interior to help them interpret the types of data just described. A few approaches or paradigms are commonly used to create these links. For example, plate tectonics links geodetic observations to the stresses that generate earthquakes over geological time scales. Models of frictional behavior link laboraHiroo Kanamori and Emily E. Brodsky
منابع مشابه
Some Aspects about Seismology of 2012 August 11 Ahar-Vaezaghan (Azarbayjan, NW of Persia) Earthquakes Sequences
In 2012 August 11 (12:23 UTC) a moderate earthquake with MW=6.4 (USGS) occurred between Ahar and Varzaghan towns in Azarbayjan Province at northwest of Iran. After eleven minutes another earthquake shook the area with MW=6.2 (USGS). These consecutive earthquakes followed by intensive sequences of aftershocks whereas the strongest one had MW=5.3 (USGS). In data processing including depth modific...
متن کاملMoment tensor and stress inversion for an active fault system in west part of Lut-Block, Iran
Iran is one of the most tectonically active regions on the Alpine-Himalayan earthquake belt. Eastern Iran, nowadays, is one of the most active regions of the country. The occurrence of several destructive earthquakes during the past 50 years provides the evidence for the seismic activity in this region. The earthquakes are mostly concentrated around the Lut-block. There are strike-slip fault sy...
متن کاملStatistical Features of Earthquake Temporal Occurrence
The physics of an earthquake is a subject with many unknowns. It is true that we have a good understanding of the propagation of seismic waves through the Earth and that given a large set of seismographic records we are able to reconstruct a posteriori the history of the fault rupture (the origin of the waves). However, when we consider the physical processes which lead to the initiation of a r...
متن کاملOn the earthquake predictability of fault interaction models
Space-time clustering is the most striking departure of large earthquakes occurrence process from randomness. These clusters are usually described ex-post by a physics-based model in which earthquakes are triggered by Coulomb stress changes induced by other surrounding earthquakes. Notwithstanding the popularity of this kind of modeling, its ex-ante skill in terms of earthquake predictability g...
متن کاملSlip-length scaling in large earthquakes: Observations and theory and implications for earthquake physics
For twenty years there has been a dilemma in earthquake physics, because the observed scaling law for large earthquakes did not appear to be consistent with the stress-drop invariance of small earthquake scaling. Surprisingly, slip was seen to continue to increase with rupture length L even for events with lengths much longer than the event widths W (the brittle crust down-dip depth), whereas i...
متن کاملLocal distributions and rate fluctuations in a unified scaling law for earthquakes.
A recently proposed unified scaling law for interoccurrence times of earthquakes is analyzed, both theoretically and with data from Southern California. We decompose the corresponding probability density into local-instantaneous distributions, which scale with the rate of earthquake occurrence. The fluctuations of the rate, characterizing the nonstationarity of the process, show a double power-...
متن کامل